This section is about how to reference websites and digital media. You must include an in-text citation and an entry in your list of references for all sources you use in your work.
You must include an in-text citation. See the in-text citation section for more information about how to do this.
Because we have used the website name as the author, there is no need to repeat it after the title.
Normally it is not necessary to state when you accessed a website. The only exception is when a website is designed to change regularly, e.g. a data dashboard that is updated daily. In this case, give a retrieval date before the web address, in the following format:
In this example, the page gave an exact date that the information had been updated, so this has been provided in full. If there is no update date given, use n.d. as in the example below:
Because this was an extract of data from a financial database, there was no obvious title. In this case, give a description of the web page in square brackets and do not use italics.
You must include an in-text citation. See the in-text citation section for more information about how to do this.
You must include an in-text citation. See the in-text citation section for more information about how to do this.
You must include an in-text citation. See the in-text citation section for more information about how to do this.
When there are multiple production companies, list them all and separate them with a semicolon.
You must include an in-text citation. See the in-text citation section for more information about how to do this.
If there are multiple production companies, separate them with a semicolon.
You must include an in-text citation. See the in-text citation section for more information about how to do this.
You do not need to reference software if it is commonly used in your field (e.g. Microsoft Word, Facebook, or SPSS), unless you have quoted or paraphrased from the software. You also do not need to reference programming languages. Instead, you can simply mention the name of the software or programming language in your assignment. If a piece of software is not commonly recognisable, or if you have quoted or paraphrased from it, you should include a reference.
APA 7th edition gives guidance about how to reference computer software and mobile apps, but does not cover console games. If you need to reference a video game, particularly if it is available across multiple consoles, you may need to adapt the format below to make it clear which version you have used.
If you have questions not answered in this guide:
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